Getting Started-es

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(Traducido por KNO)

Qué es aMule

aMule es un cliente para la red de peer-to-peer eD2k comunmente llamada red eDonkey, o red ed2k (eDonkey2000). Esta guía no requiere que estes familiarizado con esta otra red (pero ayuda), pero si es necesario que tengas instlado aMule en tu ordenador. Si no tienes instalado aMule todavia, ve a la página de guía de instalación para tu sistema. Puedes encontrar los enlacen el la página principal.

Ejecutando aMule por primera vez

Comienza ejecutando aMule. Normalmente ésto se puede hacer ejecutando el comando amule en una ventana de consola o con cualquier otro método que te permita tu distribución y tu entorno gráfico.

Una vez iniciado, si estás usando una versión CVS, aMule te sacará un mensaje que te dice que estás ejecutandolo por primera vez. Read this to learn what you are getting yourself into ;)

Configurando aMule

En la parte de arriba de la ventana de aMule, hay una fila de iconos con texto. Pincha en el que pone preferencias para entrar en la ventana de configuración. Antes de comenzar a descargar ficheros, necesitas configurar correctamente la velocidad de tu conexión y posiblemente otras cosas.

Velocidad de Conexión

Tienes que saber que los clientes eDonkey obligan a compartir, esto significa que para poder descargar cosas, tienes que compartir fichero tú mismo (no te preocupes si no tienes nada para compartir). Esta oblicación se hace de dos maneras:

  • Tu velocidad de descarga depende de cómo de rápido compartas. Si tu velocidad de subida está en algo inferior a 10 tu velocidad máxima de descarga será 3 o cuatro veces la de subida (lee esto para saber más acerca de esta limitación), así que si limitas la velocidad de subida a 5kb/s, solo podrás descargar a 20kb/s.
  • Los ficheros parcialmente descargados también serán compartidos. Automaticamente, comienzas a compartir un fichero una vez que has recibido al menos un chunk (un chunk es una parte de 9.28Mb de un fichero).

Nota: Si entras en el aMule foro o en el canal de IRC para quejarte de esto o pedir que cambiemos el ratio, te daré caza y me comeré tu bazo. -- Xaignar

Cuando abres por primera vez la ventana de Preferencias, la página mostrada será "General", que contiene algunos ajustes generales, como el alias que verán los demas cuando estan descargando de ti o dandote ficheros. Para seguir, pincha en la pestaña llamada "Conexion":

http://www.amule.org/dev-up/Limits.png

Los únicos ajustes importantes para esta guía están dentro del marco "Límites" señalados como "Descargar" y "Subida". No es necesario meter un máximo en la velocidad de descarga, pero es recomendable que pongas el máximo de la velocidad de subida en torno al 80% de la capacidad subida de tu conexión, ya que si no, ésto puede causar descargas mas lentas.

Una vez que has introducido los valores adecuados, puedes explorar el resto de los ajustes. Para salvar los cambios, simplemente haz click en el botón "OK".


Conectando a un Servidor

Ahora deberías estar viendo la ventana de servidores:

http://www.amule.org/dev-up/ServerDlg.png

La lista vacía normalmente contiene los servidores que conoces, pero como es la primera vez que ejecutas aMule, no hay ninguno. Para remediar esta situación, simplemente haz click en el campo de texto que pone http://www.srv1000.com/azz/server.met y pulsa enter. Se abrirá una ventana y se cerrará de nuevo cuando la descarga de la lista de servidores haya terminado.

Ahora deberias tener una lista llena de servidores, si no es así busca en google server.met y colocarlo en el directorio .aMule de tu home. La lista debe ser como esta:

http://www.amule.org/dev-up/ServerList.png

Lo siguiente que necesitas es conectarte a un servidor. Normalmente es una buena idea conectarte a uno que tenga el máximo de usuarios posible, pero por ahora, solo pincha en el botón "Conectar" que está cerga de la esquina superior izquierda de la ventana. Esto te conectará a un servidor de forma aleatoria. Espera mientras aMule contacta con los servidores e intenta establecer una conexión. Una vez que ésto pase, procede a la siguiente sección.

ID baja e ID alta

Dado que las redes p2p trabajan contactando clients directamente unos con otros, estar detrás de un cortafuegos o un router puede causar verdaderos problemas. Si no sabes si estás o no detrás de un cortafuegos, simplemente mira el icono en la esquina inferior izquierda de la ventana. Si es verde, entonces tienes ID baja e ID alta y puedes seguir, pero si es amarillo, necesitas mirar la página Firewalls y/o problemas comunes, ya que tener ID baja e ID alta significa reducir muchisimo las capacidades de descarga.

Uso Básico

Esto cubre el uso básico de aMule.

Searching and Downloading

OK, this is what p2p'ing is about: Downloading files. For the sake of this guide, I'll presume that you are really keen on downloading the latest Knoppix CD (who isn't?). To download this, first ensure that you are connected to a server and then click on the "Searches" button.

This will bring up the search dialog:

http://www.amule.org/dev-up/SearchDlg.png

Since we only care about CD images, we select the option "CD-Images" from the "Type" dropdown menu. Also untick the "Global Search" setting, since we don't really need to search anything other than the currently connected server. Then we enter Knoppix in the top "Name" field and hit enter or the "Search" button. You should now have a listful of results:

http://www.amule.org/dev-up/SearchResults.png

Lets sort the list by sources, by clicking twice on the field marked "Sources", this makes it easier to find popular files. The second one looks interesting, so we double-click on it (or click on it and then on the "Download" button). This will queue the file for download.

Results can be displayed in a number of colors, which signify the following:

  • Blue represents the number of sources, the more sources the darker the blue.
  • Red represents files that you are currently downloading.
  • Green is for files you have downloaded or shared before, in other words files you already have.

The Download Queue

Click on the "Transfers" button to bring forth a list of files you have queued for download:

http://www.amule.org/dev-up/DownloadQueue.png

If you're lucky, the progress bar will turn a nice dark shade of blue, which means that a lot of people have that file (read this to know more about it). Beware of files that have parts marked in red, since it means that no-one has that part of the file and you most likely wont be able to complete the download.

If you double-click on any of the files, you can see the sources you have found for that file.

Of Rows and Columns

These are the columns of the Download Queue:

Filename 
The name of the file.
Size 
The size of the file. The eDonkey2000 network supports files up to 4GB in size (read more about this).
Transferred 
Shows the amount downloaded.
Completed 
This column displays how much of the file you have actually completed. Please note that this can differ from the Transferred column because of corruptions or gains made by the compression *Mule clients use (read more about this difference).
Progress 
This bar displays the current progress of the file, the colours signifying the following (alternative resource):
  • Blue: How many sources provide this part, the darker the colour, the more sources provide it.
  • Red: There are no known sources that provide this part.
  • Black: You have already downloaded this part.
  • Yellow: You are currently downloading this part.
The green bar on top of the larger bar gives an indication of the actual progress.
Sources 
There are 3 fields in this column, though mostly only 2 are shown (alternative resource):
<Asked Sources>[/<All Sources>] [+ <A4AF Sources> ] [(<Transferring sources>)]
'Asked Sources' are those that have been asked for the file.
'All Sources' are all sources of that file, asked and unasked.
'A4AF (Asked For Another File) Sources' are sources that provide that file, but have been asked for anther one.
'Transferring sources' are sources which are uploading that file to you at this very moment.
Priority 
The priority of the file. Files are set to auto-priority by default, which means that aMule will manage it by itself. Priorities affect how aMule allocates sources that are known to provide multiple files and thus means that high-priority files get more sources. Read more about this.
Status 
The current status of the file. Waiting means that you are waiting for sources to start uploading to you.
Time Remaining 
An guess at how fast the file will be completed. Only shows something when you are currently receiving the file.
Last Seen Complete 
This shows the last time you've seen the entire file provided by the sources you've asked.
Last Reception 
This shows the last time you were downloading parts of this file.

The Upload Queue

The upload queue can be found just beneath the download queue, and shows who are downloading files from you (you might want to read this). In case you are wondering, no, you cannot stop uploads. If you click on the blue icon next to the "Uploads" label, you can see who are queued for downloading from you, rather than the people who are actually downloading from you right now.

Icons and What They Signify

These are the icons that can be found on the Transfers page.

Where Are The Files?

Once aMule starts downloading a file, it will create a number of files to keep track of that specific download. These files can be found in the subdir .aMule/Temp in your homedir (~/.aMule/Temp), but should not be touched in most cases.

If you have incompleted downloads from eMule, you can simply place the temp files in the ~/.aMule/Temp directory if you wish for aMule to continue downloading them.

However, once a file has been completed, it will be moved away from ~/.aMule/Temp and to ~/.aMule/Incoming, where all completed files are placed by default. You can change both of these paths in the preferences should you wish to do so.

Also, please note that the .aMule directory is a hidden directory, so you might have to enable showing of hidden files in your file-mananger, should you use one such.


Conclusion

Hopefully this brief introduction has given you an idea of how aMule works. If you feel that something is missing from this guide, please let us know or add it yourself.

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