Getting Started-it

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Che cos'è aMule

aMule è un client p2p, o peer-to-peer, per le reti eD2k, comunemente conosciute come eDonkey network o eD2k network (eDonkey2000). La presente guida non richiede familiarità con queste reti (anche se è consigliato), ma richiede che si abbia installato aMule sul proprio computer. Se aMule non è stato installato, si faccia riferimento alla guida di installazione appropriata per il proprio sistema. I collegamenti a queste guide si possono trovare nella pagina principale.

Prima esecuzione di aMule

Per prima cosa, eseguire il programma aMule. Questo può essere fatto eseguendo il comando amule in una finestra terminale o con qualsiasi metodo sia possibile in base alla propria distribuzione Linux e/o gestore finestre in termini di icone etc. Una volta partito, se si sta usando una versione CVS, aMule mostrerà una notifica, indicante che si sta eseguendo il programma per la prima volta. Continua a leggere questa guida per capire in che pasticcio ti stai mettendo ;-) ... Notare che aMule fa uso continuo di menu che si aprono con il tasto destro del mouse, così se non si riesce a trovare una funzione, prova a cliccare sul tasto destro sull'oggetto che si vuole manipolare.

Configurare aMule

Prima di iniziare a condividere file, avrai bisogno di configurare correttamente aMule. Questo include la velocità e i limiti di connessione, directory da usare, proxies, settaggi delle porte e molto altro. Puoi accedere alle preferenze di aMule cliccando sull'icona Preferenze che trovi sulla parte superiore della finestra di aMule.

Velocità di connessione

Dovresti sapere che i client eDonkey obbligano gli upload. Questo significa che per scaricare, dovrai tu stesso condividere dei file (non ti preoccupare se non hai niente da condividere).
Questo obbligo si ripercuote in due maniere:

  • La tua velocità di download dipende da quanto veloci sono i tuoi upload. Se la tua velocità di upload è impostata ad un qualsaiasi valore inferiore a 10kb/s allora la tua velocità massima di download sarà 3 o 4 volte la tua velocità di upload (leggi questo per saperne di più), così se limiti la tua velocità di upload a 5kb/s, potrai scaricare solamente a 20kb/s.
  • I file parzialmente scaricati sono a loro volta condivisi. Inizi automaticamanete a condividere file non appena hai ricevuto una parte (una parte è un pezzo di 9.28Mb di un file).

Nota: Se mai vi venisse in mente di venire sul aMule forum o il canale IRC per lamentarvi di questa dimensione o chiederci di cambiare il rapporto fral le velocità di upload e download, vi darò la caccia fino a farvi scoppiare e divorerò la vostra milza. -- Xaignar

Quando aprite per la prima volta il dialog Preferenze, sarà visualizzata la pagina "Generale", che contiene alcune impostazioni generali, come il nickname che gli altri vedranno quando scaricheranno da te o tu scaricherai da loro. Per continuare, clicca sul tab di nome "Connessione":

http://www.amule.org/dev-up/Limits.png

Le uniche impostazioni di cui ci preoccupiamo in questa guida sono nel gruppo "Limiti banda" con i nomi "Upload" e "Download". Non è necessario che tu specifichi una velocità massima di download, ma ti suggeriamo di impostare la velocità massima di upload a circa 80% della velocità effettiva di upload della tua connessione (Firefox ha un plugin per questo), altrimenti rischi di effettuare dowload più lenti.

Una volta impostati i valori suggeriti, puoi dare un'occhiata anche agli altri valori. Per salvare le modifiche, clicca il pulsante "OK".

ED2K e Kademlia

As of v2.1.0, aMule is also capable of connecting to the serverless network dubbed Kademlia. This allows aMule and other eDonkey2000 clients to function without having to rely on generous souls running servers. Both Kademlia and the server-based ED2K network are enabled by default, but you can disable either of the two networks on the lower part prefences page titled 'Connection'. Users with slow upload speeds should consider enabling only one of the two networks, due to the added overhead.

Connecting to a Server

You should now be looking at the servers dialog:

http://www.amule.org/dev-up/ServerDlg.png

The empty list normally contains the servers you know about, but since this is the first time you're running aMule, you don't have any. To remedy this situation, simply click in the text-field containing the text http://www.srv1000.com/azz/server.met and press enter. A dialog will pop up and close again once the download has completed.

You should now have a full list of servers, if not search google for server.met, replace the url mentioned above and press enter to initiate the download.

http://www.amule.org/dev-up/ServerList.png

Next you need to connect to a server. Normally it's a good idea to select one with as many users as possible, but for now, lets just click the large "Connect" button near the top-left of the window. This will connect you to a random server. Please wait while aMule contacts servers and tries to establish an connection. Once this happens, proceed on to the next section.

Connecting to the Kademlia Network

To connect to the Kademlia network, provided that it is enabled in the preferences, all you need to do is to do is press the "Connect" button on the top toolbar. Note that manually connecting to a server (by double-clicking or right-clicking and selecting the 'Connect to server' item) wont connect you to the Kademlia network. Another way to connect to the Kademlia network is to enter the 'Kad' sub-page on the 'Networks' page, and press the 'Bootstrap from known clients' button. In case this is the first time you use Kad, you may want to updates your nodes.dat file, by clicking in the Url textfield and pressing enter, or by clicking the "blue play button" http://forum.amule.org/images/bunfirlite/lastpost.gif by that bar. It is not necessary to do this again later, as the nodes list is kept up to date when aMule is running.

ID alto e basso

Because p2p networks work by clients directly connecting to each other, being behind a firewalls, or routers that do not/cannot pass traffic on specific ports, can really cause problems. If you don't know whenever or not you are behind a firewall, guarda semplicemente l'icona a forma di globo nella parte in basso a destra della finestra. Se le sue frecce sono verdi, allora hai un ID alto e puoi procedere, ma se sono gialle, allora dai un occhiata alla pagina sui Firewall e/o problemi comuni, since having a Low ID greatly reduces p2p experiences.

Basic Usage

This will cover some basic usage of aMule.

Searching and Downloading

OK, this is what p2p'ing is about: Downloading files. For the sake of this guide, I'll presume that you are really keen on downloading the latest Knoppix CD (who isn't?). To download this, first ensure that you are connected to a server, or the Kademlia network, and then click on the "Searches" button.

This will bring up the search dialog:

http://www.amule.org/dev-up/SearchDlg.png

Since we only care about CD images, we click on "Extended Options" and select the option "CD-Images" from the "File Type" dropdown menu. If you are connected to an ED2K server, select the "Local Search" setting, since we don't really need to search anything other than the currently connected server. Otherwise, if you are connected to the Kademlia network, select the 'Kad' search-type. Then we enter Knoppix in the top "Name" field and hit enter or the "Search" button. You should now have a listful of results:

http://www.amule.org/dev-up/SearchResults.png

Lets sort the list by sources, by clicking twice on the field marked "Sources", this makes it easier to find popular files. The second one looks interesting, so we double-click on it (or click on it and then on the "Download" button). This will queue the file for download.

Results can be displayed in a number of colors, which signify the following:

  • Blue represents the number of sources, the more sources the darker the blue.
  • Red represents files that you are currently downloading.
  • Green is for files you have downloaded or shared before, in other words files you already have.

Search Types

I only mentioned 'Local' and 'Kad' searching above.

A local search only asks the server you are connected to, and is enough in most cases. However, if this does not return any results, you can ask all servers in your serverlist, by doing a 'Global' search. This however takes a lot longer (0.75s per server).

Lastly, you can search on the 'Kademlia' network via the 'Kad' search-type. Note that on the 'Kad' network, results signify complete sources, unlike 'ED2K' searches, where the source-count contains both complete and incomplete sources.

The Download Queue

Click on the "Transfers" button to bring forth a list of files you have queued for download:

http://www.amule.org/dev-up/DownloadQueue.png

If you're lucky, the progress bar will turn a nice dark shade of blue, which means that a lot of people have that file (read this to know more about it). Beware of files that have parts marked in red, since it means that no-one has that part of the file and you most likely wont be able to complete the download.

If you double-click on any of the files, you can see the sources you have found for that file.

Of Rows and Columns

These are the columns of the Download Queue:

Filename 
The name of the file.
Size 
The size of the file. The eDonkey2000 network supports files up to 4GB in size (read more about this).
Transferred 
Shows the amount downloaded.
Completed 
This column displays how much of the file you have actually completed. Please note that this can differ from the Transferred column because of corruptions or gains made by the compression *Mule clients use (read more about this difference).
Progress 
This bar displays the current progress of the file, the colours signifying the following (alternative resource):
  • Blue: How many sources provide this part, the darker the colour, the more sources provide it.
  • Red: There are no known sources that provide this part.
  • Black: You have already downloaded this part.
  • Yellow: You are currently downloading this part.
The green bar on top of the larger bar gives an indication of the actual progress.
Sources 
There are 3 fields in this column, though mostly only 2 are shown (alternative resource):
<Asked Sources>[/<All Sources>] [+ <A4AF Sources> ] [(<Transferring sources>)]
'Asked Sources' are those that have been asked for the file.
'All Sources' are all sources of that file, asked and unasked.
'A4AF (Asked For Another File) Sources' are sources that provide that file, but have been asked for anther one.
'Transferring sources' are sources which are uploading that file to you at this very moment.
Priority 
The priority of the file. Files are set to auto-priority by default, which means that aMule will manage it by itself. Priorities affect how aMule allocates sources that are known to provide multiple files and thus means that high-priority files get more sources. Read more about this.
Status 
The current status of the file. Waiting means that you are waiting for sources to start uploading to you.
Time Remaining 
A guess at how fast the file will be completed. Only shows something when you are currently receiving the file.
Last Seen Complete 
This shows the last time you've seen the entire file provided by the sources you've asked.
Last Reception 
This shows the last time you were downloading parts of this file.

The Upload Queue

The upload queue can be found just beneath the download queue, and shows who are downloading files from you (you might want to read this). In case you are wondering, no, you cannot stop uploads. If you click on the blue icon next to the "Uploads" label, you can see who are queued for downloading from you, rather than the people who are actually downloading from you right now.

Icons and What They Signify

These are the icons that can be found on the Transfers page.

Categories for Downloads

It is possible to assign downloads to a category, which can have a unique color on the download listctrl, and can be saved to a different folder than the default one.

To add a new category, right-click (and hold) on the tab titled 'All', which is located next to the green tick, just below the toolbar on the Transfers page. Then select 'Add Category' and fill in the desired details. A random color is selected by default, but this can be changed.

To add a file to a category, right-click on it in the download listctrl, and select the desired category in the "Assign to Category" submenu. The item 'Unassigned' will assign it to the default category.

When categories are added, a matching tab is added next to the original 'All' tab. Left-clicking on these will change the display to only display files assigned to this category. As a final note, the default view, the 'All' tab, allows for various forms of filtering. These can be accessed by right-clicking on the tab and selecting from the 'Select view filter' submenu.


Where Are The Files?

Once aMule starts downloading a file, it will create a number of files to keep track of that specific download. These files can be found in the subdir .aMule/Temp in your homedir (~/.aMule/Temp), but should not be touched in most cases.

If you have incompleted downloads from eMule, you can simply place the temp files in the ~/.aMule/Temp directory if you wish for aMule to continue downloading them.

However, once a file has been completed, it will be moved away from ~/.aMule/Temp and to ~/.aMule/Incoming, where all completed files are placed by default. You can change both of these paths in the preferences should you wish to do so.

Also, please note that the .aMule directory is a hidden directory, so you might have to enable showing of hidden files in your file-mananger, should you use one such.

Sharing Files

First off, note the eDonkey2000 network is not meant to share small files such as audio clips, but instead is optimized for distribution of larger files. Also note that its your own responsibility to ensure that you do not violate any local laws regarding material shared.

You can share files in two ways in aMule:

The first method is to place the files in the "Incoming" directory (~/.aMule/Incoming on Unix like systems). After this has been done, you must either restart aMule or press the "Reload" button on the SharedFiles page.

http://www.amule.org/reload_button.png

The second method is to explicitly add shared directories in which aMule will look for files to share. This is done by clicking on the "Preferences" button and selecting the "Directories" page.

http://www.amule.org/images/screenshots/prefs7.png

From there, you can browse to the directory you wish to share via the directory-tree. Double-clicking on the folder icon will share the given directory and right-clicking on the folder icon will share the directory recursively.

Conclusione

Spero che questa breve guida ti abbia dato un idea di come funziona aMule works. Se credi che manchi qualcosa da questa guida, per favore faccelo sapere o aggiungilo tu setsso.

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